Output recovered to nearly pre-pandemic levels, but OPEC-plus policy and infrastructure constraints could keep Iraq from making further production gains in the new year.

Iraq's legal and commercial frameworks have failed to clinch a major refinery investment deal for 15 years, but a new government is poised to try again.

High global prices led to record annual oil revenues for both the federal government and the KRG.

Kurdistan's crude is trading at an increasingly steep discount to global benchmark prices. A new policy seeks to put those costs on oil companies.

Bassem Abdul Karim has been appointed director general of BOC, the first major oil sector leadership change under Oil Minister Hayyan Abdulghani.

Crude production and exports decreased in November as Iraq began output cuts in response to tighter OPEC-plus output targets.